{"id":10291,"date":"2010-09-30T10:27:42","date_gmt":"2010-09-30T09:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/?p=10291"},"modified":"2010-10-02T18:29:12","modified_gmt":"2010-10-02T17:29:12","slug":"una-road-map-virtuosaper-la-riforma-del-sistema-elettorale-in-senso-stretto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/?p=10291","title":{"rendered":"LANCHESTER: UNA ROAD MAP VIRTUOSA, PER LA RIFORMA DEL SISTEMA ELETTORALE IN SENSO STRETTO"},"content":{"rendered":"

UN DOCUMENTO PREZIOSO PER L’INQUADRAMENTO CONCETTUALE, STORICO E COMPARATISTICO\u00a0DEL TEMA DEL SISTEMA ELETTORALE A COLLEGIO UNINOMINALE E IN PARTICOLARE DEL C.D. “MODELLO NEOZELANDESE”<\/span><\/p>\n

Contributo di<\/em>Fulco Lanchester, <\/em><\/strong>ordinario di Diritto costituzionale italiano e comparato nell’Universit\u00e0 di Roma “La Sapienza”, in preparazione del seminario su \u201cL\u2019uninominale possibile\u201d che si \u00e8 svolto a Roma, a Palazzo Giustiniani, il 29 settembre 2010<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

S<\/em>ommario: 1-Gli\u00a0 appelli\u00a0 estivi. 2-La\u00a0 necessit\u00e0\u00a0 di\u00a0 una\u00a0 seria\u00a0 riflessione. 3-Gli\u00a0 esempi\u00a0 neozelandese\u00a0 e\u00a0 britannico. 4-La\u00a0 proposta. 5-Conclusioni<\/p>\n

1. Gli\u00a0 appelli\u00a0 estivi – <\/em>Le\u00a0 convulsioni\u00a0 balneari\u00a0\u00a0 della\u00a0\u00a0 maggioranza\u00a0\u00a0 e\u00a0 i\u00a0 corrispondenti (ma\u00a0 non\u00a0\u00a0 cos\u00ec\u00a0 rilevanti)\u00a0 dibattiti\u00a0\u00a0 interni\u00a0 al\u00a0\u00a0 maggior\u00a0 partito\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 opposizione\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hanno\u00a0 comportato\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 una\u00a0 rinascita\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 interesse\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 l\u2019argomento relativo\u00a0 alla\u00a0\u00a0 riforma del \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sistema\u00a0 elettorale.\u00a0\u00a0 Il\u00a0 dato\u00a0 obiettivo\u00a0 di\u00a0 un\u00a0\u00a0 meccanismo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 trasformazione\u00a0 dei\u00a0 voti\u00a0 in\u00a0 seggi\u00a0 considerato\u00a0\u00a0 dalla\u00a0 stragrande\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 maggioranza\u00a0 dei\u00a0 partner<\/em> una\u00a0 porcata<\/em> (secondo\u00a0 la\u00a0 efficace\u00a0 definizione\u00a0\u00a0 dello\u00a0 stesso\u00a0\u00a0 padre\u00a0\u00a0 della\u00a0 legge\u00a0 270 del 2005)\u00a0 si\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e8\u00a0 sposato\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 la\u00a0 necessit\u00e0\u00a0 di\u00a0 mettere\u00a0 un\u00a0 argine\u00a0\u00a0 all\u2019ipotesi\u00a0 di\u00a0 interruzione\u00a0 della\u00a0 legislatura, avanzata\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0 maniera\u00a0 ferma\u00a0\u00a0 dalla\u00a0 Lega\u00a0\u00a0 e\u00a0 in\u00a0 modo\u00a0\u00a0 altalenante \u00a0dal\u00a0 Presidente\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0 Consiglio\u00a0 e\u00a0\u00a0 da\u00a0 alcuni\u00a0 suoi\u00a0 consiglieri.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0 questa\u00a0 specifica\u00a0 prospettiva l\u2019iniziativa a\u00a0 favore\u00a0 del\u00a0 collegio\u00a0 uninominale\u00a0 operata\u00a0\u00a0 attraverso\u00a0 l\u2019appello\u00a0 di\u00a0 \u201c Quarantadue politici e studiosi in campo per la riforma elettorale<\/a>\u201d apparso sul\u00a0 \u201cCorriere\u00a0 della\u00a0 sera\u201d<\/em> del\u00a0 28\u00a0 agosto\u00a0 ha\u00a0 costituito \u00a0\u00a0un\u00a0 classico\u00a0 della\u00a0\u00a0 genericit\u00e0\u00a0 mobilitativa\u00a0 in\u00a0\u00a0 campo istituzionale. Intraprendere\u00a0 una simile \u00a0battaglia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0 l\u2019introduzione\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 collegio\u00a0 uninominale\u00a0 significa, in\u00a0 realt\u00e0,\u00a0 ribadire \u00a0solo\u00a0 la\u00a0 richiesta\u00a0\u00a0 di \u00a0\u00a0mutamento\u00a0 di\u00a0 un sistema\u00a0 elettorale che\u00a0 ha\u00a0 sostituito\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0 principio\u00a0 elettivo\u00a0 con\u00a0 quello\u00a0 della\u00a0 nomina, \u00a0ma \u00a0\u00a0nello \u00a0stesso\u00a0 tempo rinunciare\u00a0\u00a0 ad\u00a0\u00a0 identificare,\u00a0 da\u00a0 un\u00a0 lato,\u00a0\u00a0 una\u00a0 specifica\u00a0 soluzione\u00a0 tecnica, dall\u2019altro una \u00a0\u00a0concreta \u00a0strategia\u00a0\u00a0 istituzionale.\u00a0 Come\u00a0 \u00e8\u00a0 noto, \u00a0al\u00a0 collegio\u00a0 uninominale\u00a0 possono\u00a0\u00a0 collegarsi, ad\u00a0 es.,\u00a0\u00a0 meccanismi\u00a0 di\u00a0 tipo\u00a0 maggioritario simili\u00a0 a\u00a0 quelli\u00a0 adottati\u00a0 negli\u00a0\u00a0 ordinamenti\u00a0\u00a0 anglo-americani (il\u00a0 plurality<\/em> britannico\u00a0 o\u00a0 il\u00a0 voto alternativo\u00a0 australiano)\u00a0 o\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0 quello\u00a0 francese (doppio turno); oppure strumenti\u00a0 misti\u00a0 come\u00a0\u00a0 il cosiddetto\u00a0\u00a0 grabensystem <\/em>(adottato\u00a0 in\u00a0 alcuni\u00a0\u00a0 ordinamenti\u00a0 dell\u2019Europa centro-orientale);o-infine- speculari\u00a0 come la proporzionale personalizzata\u201d adottata \u00a0in\u00a0 Germania. <\/span><\/p>\n

Lo\u00a0 stesso\u00a0 difetto, seppur\u00a0 attenuato,\u00a0 affligge\u00a0\u00a0 l\u2019appello\u00a0 firmato\u00a0 da\u00a0\u00a0 alcuni\u00a0 costituzionalisti\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0 il\u00a0 mutamento\u00a0 della legge\u00a0\u00a0 elettorale e\u00a0 pubblicato il\u00a0 9\u00a0 settembre<\/a> su\u00a0 alcuni\u00a0 giornali\u00a0 nazionali. La\u00a0 richiesta\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 principale\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0 documento \u00e8\u00a0 quella\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 abolire\u00a0 il\u00a0 premio\u00a0 di\u00a0 maggioranza\u00a0 sostituendolo\u00a0 o\u00a0 con\u00a0\u00a0 un\u00a0 sistema \u201cmisto\u201d\u00a0 con\u00a0 clausola\u00a0 di\u00a0 esclusione\u00a0 o\u00a0 con\u00a0 il\u00a0 doppio\u00a0 turno\u00a0 di\u00a0 tipo\u00a0 francese. \u00a0\u00a0Anche\u00a0 in\u00a0 questo\u00a0 caso\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 necessaria\u00a0 genericit\u00e0\u00a0 dell\u2019appello\u00a0\u00a0 ha\u00a0 visto\u00a0 i\u00a0 firmatari\u00a0 del\u00a0 documento concentrare\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 loro\u00a0 critica\u00a0\u00a0 sul\u00a0 premio\u00a0 di\u00a0 maggioranza, lasciando\u00a0 aperte\u00a0\u00a0 soluzioni\u00a0 alternative\u00a0\u00a0 estremamente\u00a0 differenti .<\/p>\n

2. La\u00a0 necessit\u00e0\u00a0 di\u00a0 una\u00a0 seria\u00a0 riflessione – In\u00a0 un\u00a0 panorama\u00a0 degradato\u00a0 come\u00a0 quello\u00a0 italiano risulta senz\u2019altro\u00a0\u00a0 positivo\u00a0 richiedere\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 riforma\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 meccanismo\u00a0 di\u00a0 elezione\u00a0 per\u00a0 le\u00a0 Camere (che un recente\u00a0 sondaggio<\/a> <\/span>certifica\u00a0 come inviso\u00a0 allo\u00a0 stesso\u00a0 Corpo\u00a0 elettorale),\u00a0 ma\u00a0\u00a0 perch\u00e9\u00a0 questo\u00a0\u00a0 progetto\u00a0 abbia\u00a0 un\u00a0 senso\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bisogna-\u00a0 a\u00a0 mio\u00a0 avviso-\u00a0 dargli\u00a0 la\u00a0 forma\u00a0 di\u00a0 un\u00a0 percorso\u00a0\u00a0 coerente\u00a0 sia\u00a0 dal\u00a0 punto\u00a0 di\u00a0 vista\u00a0\u00a0 costituzionale\u00a0 che\u00a0 da\u00a0 quello\u00a0 politico.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0\u00a0 normativa\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0 –\u00a0 \u00e8\u00a0 bene\u00a0 ricordarlo\u00a0 ai\u00a0 distratti-\u00a0 non\u00a0 soltanto\u00a0 si\u00a0 connette\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 la\u00a0 forma\u00a0 di\u00a0\u00a0 Stato\u00a0 ed\u00a0 influisce\u00a0 sulla\u00a0\u00a0 forma\u00a0 di\u00a0 governo,\u00a0 ma\u00a0\u00a0 risulta \u00a0strettamente\u00a0 connessa\u00a0 con\u00a0 il\u00a0 regime<\/em> <\/em><\/span>ovvero\u00a0 con\u00a0 le\u00a0\u00a0 norme, i\u00a0 valori, le\u00a0 regole\u00a0 del\u00a0 gioco\u00a0 e\u00a0 le\u00a0 strutture\u00a0 di\u00a0 autorit\u00e0\u00a0 in\u00a0 cui\u00a0 agiscono\u00a0 i\u00a0 soggetti\u00a0 politicamente\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rilevanti. In\u00a0 particolare\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mutamento\u00a0 del\u00a0 sistema\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0 senso\u00a0\u00a0 stretto \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0non\u00a0 soltanto\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e8\u00a0 difficile\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0 ragioni\u00a0\u00a0 sostanziali,\u00a0 ma\u00a0 investe\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 struttura\u00a0 pi\u00f9\u00a0 intima\u00a0 dell\u2019intero\u00a0 edificio\u00a0 costituzionale.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Non\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e8\u00a0 dunque\u00a0 un\u00a0 caso\u00a0\u00a0 che\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 stessa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 polemica\u00a0 estiva\u00a0 sul\u00a0 rapporto\u00a0 tra\u00a0 Costituzione\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 formale e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201ccostituzione\u00a0 materiale\u201d<\/em> <\/span>abbia\u00a0 avuto \u00a0come\u00a0\u00a0 oggetto\u00a0\u00a0 proprio\u00a0 le\u00a0 modificazioni\u00a0 che\u00a0\u00a0 attraverso\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 normativa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0 sarebbero\u00a0 state\u00a0\u00a0 introdotte\u00a0 all\u2019interno\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sistema\u00a0 istituzionale italiano,\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0\u00a0 conseguenti\u00a0\u00a0 effetti\u00a0\u00a0 torsivi sulla\u00a0 stessa\u00a0 Costituzione\u00a0 del\u00a0 1948.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0 me\u00a0 sembra \u00a0\u00a0sia\u00a0 giunto\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0 momento\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0\u00a0 riflettere\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 seriamente\u00a0\u00a0 su\u00a0 un\u00a0 percorso\u00a0 virtuoso\u00a0 per\u00a0 evitare\u00a0 che ci\u00a0 si\u00a0 impantani\u00a0 in rinnovati\u00a0 e \u00a0sterili\u00a0 dibattiti\u00a0\u00a0 all’interno\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 ceto\u00a0 politico;\u00a0\u00a0 o che\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 si\u00a0 ritorni\u00a0 alla rozza\u00a0 strategia\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 referendum\u00a0 abrogativo,\u00a0 che\u00a0 ha\u00a0 caratterizzato\u00a0la <\/span>crisi\u00a0 di\u00a0 regime<\/em> degli\u00a0 anni\u00a0 \u201890. \u00a0L\u2019esempio\u00a0 comparatistico\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 offre\u00a0 la\u00a0\u00a0 possibilit\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 meditare \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0su\u00a0 percorsi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 tendenzialmente\u00a0 razionali\u00a0 anche\u00a0 all\u2019interno\u00a0\u00a0 della\u00a0 polemicit\u00e0\u00a0 dell\u2019argomento. In\u00a0 questa\u00a0\u00a0 dimensione\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e8- a\u00a0 mio\u00a0 avviso- \u00a0interessante \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0analizzare\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0 prima\u00a0\u00a0 cosa \u00a0la\u00a0 strada\u00a0 esplorata\u00a0 circa\u00a0\u00a0 venti\u00a0 anni\u00a0 fa\u00a0 dalla Nuova\u00a0 Zelanda<\/a> e\u00a0\u00a0 oggi\u00a0 ,in\u00a0 maniera\u00a0 seppur\u00a0\u00a0 differente,\u00a0 dalla\u00a0 stessa Gran\u00a0\u00a0 Bretagna<\/a>, per\u00a0 \u00a0ipotizzare \u00a0una\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0road\u00a0 map adatta\u00a0 alla\u00a0\u00a0 situazione\u00a0 italiana, che\u00a0 coinvolga\u00a0\u00a0 sia\u00a0\u00a0 le\u00a0 strutture\u00a0 di\u00a0 partito,sia\u00a0 le\u00a0 istituzioni. Da\u00a0 simili\u00a0 esempi\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e8\u00a0 possibile trarre\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 suggestioni\u00a0\u00a0 operative\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0 nostro\u00a0\u00a0 ordinamento.<\/p>\n

3. Gli\u00a0 esempi\u00a0 neozelandese\u00a0 e\u00a0 britannico – <\/em>Durante\u00a0 gli\u00a0 anni\u00a0 \u201880 \u00a0\u00a0in\u00a0 Nuova\u00a0 Zelanda\u00a0 il\u00a0 Governo\u00a0 laburista di\u00a0 David\u00a0 Russel\u00a0 Lange, insoddisfatto\u00a0 delle\u00a0\u00a0 prestazioni\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0 plurality <\/em>(che\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aveva\u00a0\u00a0 fatto\u00a0\u00a0 divenire\u00a0 l\u2019ordinamento\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 neozelandese\u00a0 -a\u00a0 detta\u00a0 di\u00a0 Lijphart-\u00a0 l\u2019esempio classico\u00a0 del\u00a0 modello Westminster,ma\u00a0 che\u00a0 aveva\u00a0\u00a0 anche\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0 ben\u00a0 due\u00a0 volte\u00a0 premiato\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 la\u00a0 maggioranza\u00a0 dei\u00a0 seggi\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 formazione\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 la minoranza\u00a0 dei\u00a0 voti),\u00a0\u00a0 decise\u00a0 di\u00a0 modificare\u00a0 il\u00a0 sistema\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0 in\u00a0 senso\u00a0 stretto.\u00a0 La\u00a0\u00a0 innovazione\u00a0 elettorale \u00a0venne\u00a0\u00a0 introdotta\u00a0 attraverso\u00a0 l\u2019intervento\u00a0 combinato \u00a0di\u00a0 esperti(la Royal Commission on the Electoral System<\/em>,<\/span> che\u00a0\u00a0 provvide\u00a0\u00a0 a\u00a0 redigere\u00a0 un rapporto<\/a> rilevante\u00a0 per\u00a0 il\u00a0 percorso\u00a0 successivo), del\u00a0 Corpo elettorale (attraverso\u00a0 due\u00a0 consultazioni\u00a0 referendarie nel\u00a0 1992 e\u00a0 nel\u00a0 1993) e\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 legislativo,\u00a0 che\u00a0 introdusse\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 nuova\u00a0 legge\u00a0 elettorale ( un\u00a0 meccanismo\u00a0 di\u00a0 tipo tedesco con\u00a0 clausola\u00a0 di\u00a0 esclusione),riformando\u00a0 quella\u00a0 del\u00a0 1956,\u00a0 che\u00a0 aveva\u00a0 previsto la\u00a0 necessit\u00e0\u00a0 del\u00a0 referendum.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0 Gran\u00a0 Bretagna\u00a0 la\u00a0 nuova\u00a0 coalizione\u00a0 di\u00a0 governo, formatasi\u00a0 dopo\u00a0 le\u00a0 recenti\u00a0\u00a0 elezioni del\u00a0 2010,\u00a0\u00a0 non\u00a0 soltanto\u00a0 sta\u00a0\u00a0 blindando\u00a0 la\u00a0 legislatura\u00a0 con\u00a0 un progetto\u00a0 di\u00a0 legge<\/a> relativo\u00a0 alla\u00a0\u00a0 durata\u00a0 della\u00a0 stessa\u00a0\u00a0 fino\u00a0 al\u00a0 2015,\u00a0 ma\u00a0 –\u00a0 soprattutto\u00a0 –\u00a0 ha\u00a0 previsto\u00a0\u00a0 che –\u00a0 con\u00a0 un\u00a0 ulteriore\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 progetto\u00a0 in\u00a0 discussione\u00a0 in\u00a0 queste\u00a0 settimane\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 davanti\u00a0 alle\u00a0 Camere- nel\u00a0 maggio\u00a0 dell\u2019anno\u00a0 prossimo\u00a0 si\u00a0 tenga\u00a0 un referendum popolare<\/a> per\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0 mutamento\u00a0 del\u00a0 sistema\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0 in\u00a0 senso\u00a0 stretto.\u00a0 Il First Past the Post<\/em> (FPP, ovvero\u00a0 il classico plurality)\u00a0 verrebbe\u00a0 sostituito\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 il\u00a0 sistema\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 voto\u00a0 alternativo\u00a0 in\u00a0 collegio\u00a0\u00a0 uninominale , meccanismo\u00a0 utilizzato\u00a0 dagli\u00a0 anni\u00a0 Venti\u00a0 in\u00a0 Australia\u00a0 per\u00a0 la House of Representatives.<\/em> Una\u00a0 simile\u00a0 innovazione (per\u00a0 sintetizzare:un\u00a0 doppio\u00a0 turno\u00a0 in\u00a0 turno\u00a0 unico) certifica,\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0da\u00a0 un\u00a0 lato,\u00a0 la\u00a0\u00a0 politicit\u00e0\u00a0 delle\u00a0 scelte\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0 materia,\u00a0 dall\u2019altro \u00a0la\u00a0 sostanziale chiarezza\u00a0 del\u00a0 percorso\u00a0 intrapreso\u00a0 sia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sotto\u00a0 il\u00a0 profilo\u00a0\u00a0 costituzionale\u00a0\u00a0 che\u00a0\u00a0 della\u00a0 comprensibilit\u00e0.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0 effetti, ancora\u00a0 all\u2019inizio\u00a0 di\u00a0 quest\u2019anno,\u00a0 i Conservatori britannici \u00a0erano\u00a0 fortemente\u00a0 contrari\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ad\u00a0 ogni\u00a0 tipo\u00a0 di\u00a0 innovazione,\u00a0 mentre\u00a0 i\u00a0 liberal-democratici\u00a0 di\u00a0 Nick\u00a0 Clegg\u00a0 erano\u00a0 vivaci assertori\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 una\u00a0 riforma\u00a0 propozionalistica <\/em>alla\u00a0 tedesca. La\u00a0 soluzione\u00a0\u00a0 recuperata\u00a0\u00a0 vede\u00a0 nel\u00a0\u00a0 voto\u00a0 alternativo\u00a0 trasferibile in\u00a0 collegio\u00a0 uninominale (detto\u00a0anche preferential voting<\/em>)\u00a0 o\u00a0 strumento\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0 rafforzare\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 coalizione\u00a0\u00a0 liberal-conservatrice (cos\u00ec come\u00a0\u00a0 era\u00a0 successo\u00a0 in\u00a0 Australia\u00a0 tra\u00a0 conservatori\u00a0 e Country\u00a0 Party<\/em> negli\u00a0 anni\u00a0 Venti\u00a0 del\u00a0 secolo\u00a0 scorso)\u00a0 e,\u00a0 nello\u00a0 stesso\u00a0 tempo,\u00a0 ha \u00a0provveduto\u00a0\u00a0 a recuperare una\u00a0\u00a0 proposta\u00a0 lanciata \u00a0dal\u00a0\u00a0 leader laburista\u00a0\u00a0 Brown\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0\u00a0 allettare\u00a0 i\u00a0 liberal-democratici\u00a0\u00a0 nel\u00a0 periodo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 finale\u00a0 del\u00a0 suo\u00a0 mandato.<\/p>\n

4. La\u00a0 proposta – Sintetizzo\u00a0 il\u00a0 percorso\u00a0\u00a0 virtuoso\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 che\u00a0 potrebbe\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0essere\u00a0\u00a0 adottato\u00a0\u00a0 nel\u00a0 nostro\u00a0 ordinamento\u00a0 e\u00a0 premetto\u00a0\u00a0 che la\u00a0 proposta\u00a0 si\u00a0 articola\u00a0\u00a0 sia\u00a0\u00a0 per\u00a0 l\u2019ambito\u00a0 intrapartitico o\u00a0 coalizionale,\u00a0 sia\u00a0 per\u00a0 quello pi\u00f9\u00a0 classicamente istituzionale. \u00a0\u00a0Per\u00a0 quanto\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 riguarda\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0 livello\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0 Corpo\u00a0 elettorale,in\u00a0 sostanza\u00a0 \u00a0i\u00a0 cittadini\u00a0 politicamente\u00a0 attivi\u00a0\u00a0 dovrebbero\u00a0 essere\u00a0 interrogati\u00a0\u00a0 attraverso referendum consultivo <\/em>se\u00a0\u00a0 mantenere\u00a0 il\u00a0 sistema\u00a0 vigente\u00a0 oppure\u00a0 modificarlo e,\u00a0 se\u00a0\u00a0 favorevoli\u00a0 al\u00a0 cambiamento, rispondere\u00a0\u00a0 sulle\u00a0\u00a0 eventuali alternative\u00a0\u00a0 tra\u00a0 le\u00a0 quali\u00a0 operare\u00a0 –\u00a0 successivamente –\u00a0\u00a0 un\u2019altra\u00a0 consultazione\u00a0 popolare,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 che\u00a0 contrapponga\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 il\u00a0\u00a0 cosiddetto porcellum <\/em>al\u00a0 meccanismo\u00a0\u00a0 prescelto\u00a0 nella\u00a0 prima\u00a0 votazione.\u00a0\u00a0 Un\u00a0 simile\u00a0 referendum,\u00a0 preceduto\u00a0 dalle\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 proposte\u00a0 suggerite\u00a0\u00a0 da\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 una\u00a0 apposita\u00a0\u00a0 Commissione\u00a0\u00a0 e\u00a0 capaci di\u00a0 ridurre\u00a0 le\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 opportunit\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0 da\u00a0 presentare\u00a0 agli\u00a0 elettori,\u00a0\u00a0 attribuirebbe\u00a0 la\u00a0 decisione\u00a0\u00a0 sostanziale\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 agli\u00a0 elettori\u00a0\u00a0 e,\u00a0 nello\u00a0 stesso\u00a0 tempo, fornirebbe\u00a0\u00a0 coerenza\u00a0 tecnica\u00a0ex ante<\/em> alla\u00a0 scelta,certificata ex-post<\/em> dalla\u00a0 deliberazione\u00a0 parlamentare.\u00a0 Verrebbe, quindi,\u00a0 favorita\u00a0 la\u00a0 opzione\u00a0\u00a0 popolare, ma\u00a0 con\u00a0 la\u00a0\u00a0 determinante\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 partecipazione\u00a0\u00a0 delle Assemblee\u00a0 parlamentari\u00a0 per\u00a0 quanto\u00a0\u00a0 riguarda\u00a0 gli\u00a0 aspetti\u00a0 tecnici.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0 questione\u00a0 se\u00a0 sia\u00a0\u00a0 legittimo\u00a0 un\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 simile\u00a0 referendum\u00a0 consultivo\u00a0\u00a0 nell’ambito\u00a0 del\u00a0 nostro\u00a0 ordinamento\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pu\u00f2\u00a0 essere\u00a0 risolta\u00a0 richiamando\u00a0 il\u00a0 precedente\u00a0\u00a0 della\u00a0\u00a0 consultazione popolare\u00a0 di\u00a0 indirizzo\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0 1989, effettuata\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0\u00a0 materia\u00a0 europea\u00a0 ed\u00a0\u00a0 introdotta\u00a0 con\u00a0 legge\u00a0 costituzionale(L.cost. 3 aprile 1989, n. 2, Indizione di un referendum di indirizzo sul conferimento di un mandato costituente al Parlamento europeo). <\/em>Di\u00a0 qui\u00a0 un\u00a0 ulteriore\u00a0 pregio\u00a0 dell\u2019ipotesi\u00a0 prospettata:\u00a0 si\u00a0\u00a0 garantirebbe\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 la\u00a0 copertura\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 costituzionale\u00a0 sostanziale\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 meccanismo\u00a0\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0\u00a0 prescelto, liberandolo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dalle\u00a0\u00a0 variabili\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 maggioranze\u00a0\u00a0 parlamentari\u00a0 ed\u00a0 affidando la\u00a0 scelta\u00a0\u00a0 dello\u00a0 stesso\u00a0\u00a0 all’azione\u00a0 congiunta\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0\u00a0 Corpo\u00a0 elettorale e\u00a0 della\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rappresentanza\u00a0 parlamentare.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

5. Conclusioni – Non\u00a0 mi\u00a0 nascondo\u00a0\u00a0 che\u00a0\u00a0 un\u00a0 simile\u00a0 percorso \u00a0risulta\u00a0\u00a0 formalmente\u00a0 complicato\u00a0\u00a0 e richiede\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 condizioni\u00a0 politiche\u00a0 particolari\u00a0 difficilmente\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 recuperabili\u00a0 in\u00a0 un\u00a0 sistema\u00a0 slabbrato\u00a0 come\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 quello\u00a0 italiano, dove\u00a0\u00a0 oramai\u00a0 il\u00a0 gioco\u00a0 dell\u2019innovazione\u00a0 istituzionale\u00a0\u00a0 ha\u00a0 assunto\u00a0\u00a0 le\u00a0 caratteristiche\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 scelta\u00a0 totalmente scissa\u00a0 da\u00a0 parametri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 interesse\u00a0\u00a0 sistemico.\u00a0\u00a0 Ma\u00a0 proprio\u00a0 per \u00a0\u00a0contrastare\u00a0\u00a0 una\u00a0 simile\u00a0 realt\u00e0,\u00a0 che\u00a0 evidenzia\u00a0 un\u00a0 sempre\u00a0 maggiore\u00a0 distacco\u00a0\u00a0 del\u00a0 Corpo\u00a0 elettorale\u00a0 dalla\u00a0\u00a0 rappresentanza ed un\u00a0 indebolimento\u00a0 della\u00a0\u00a0 partecipazione\u00a0 politica, la\u00a0 questione\u00a0 dovrebbe\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 essere\u00a0 per\u00a0 prima\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 cosa messa\u00a0 nell\u2019agenda\u00a0\u00a0 dei\u00a0\u00a0 partiti, con\u00a0 l\u2019indizione\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 consultazioni\u00a0 programmatiche\u00a0\u00a0 sull\u2019argomento,\u00a0 in\u00a0 maniera\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 che\u00a0 gli\u00a0 iscritti e\u00a0\u00a0 gli\u00a0 elettori\u00a0 d\u2019area\u00a0\u00a0 possano\u00a0\u00a0 dibattere,comprendere\u00a0 e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 deliberare\u00a0 in\u00a0 materia. In\u00a0 questo\u00a0 modo\u00a0\u00a0 il \u00a0\u00a0tema\u00a0\u00a0 non\u00a0 soltanto\u00a0\u00a0 uscirebbe\u00a0\u00a0 dalle\u00a0 pur\u00a0 importanti\u00a0\u00a0 sale\u00a0\u00a0 autoreferenziali\u00a0\u00a0 degli\u00a0 esperti (v.in\u00a0 proposito\u00a0 il\u00a0 Seminario\u00a0 promosso\u00a0\u00a0 dal Forum\u00a0 Riforma\u00a0 dello\u00a0 Stato\u00a0 del\u00a0 PD ,14\u00a0 giugno 2010<\/em>) per\u00a0\u00a0 coinvolgere\u00a0\u00a0 un\u00a0 pubblico\u00a0 pi\u00f9\u00a0 vasto,\u00a0 ma\u00a0 soprattutto\u00a0\u00a0 collegherebbe\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0in\u00a0 maniera\u00a0 indispensabile\u00a0\u00a0 le\u00a0 opzioni\u00a0 tecniche\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 quello\u00a0 fondamentale\u00a0\u00a0 dei\u00a0 soggetti\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 con\u00a0 cui\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 approvarle. Una\u00a0 simile\u00a0 discussione\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 contribuirebbe,\u00a0 probabilmente,\u00a0 anche \u00a0alla\u00a0 riattivazione\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 quel\u00a0 tessuto\u00a0\u00a0 di\u00a0 democrazia\u00a0 infrapartitica,\u00a0 che\u00a0 la\u00a0 dinamica\u00a0 carismatico-plebiscitaria\u00a0\u00a0 dell\u2019ultimo\u00a0 ventennio\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sembra\u00a0 avere\u00a0\u00a0 completamente\u00a0 accantonato.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UN DOCUMENTO PREZIOSO PER L’INQUADRAMENTO CONCETTUALE, STORICO E COMPARATISTICO\u00a0DEL TEMA DEL SISTEMA ELETTORALE A COLLEGIO UNINOMINALE E IN PARTICOLARE DEL C.D. “MODELLO NEOZELANDESE” Contributo diFulco Lanchester, ordinario di Diritto costituzionale italiano e comparato nell’Universit\u00e0 di Roma “La Sapienza”, in preparazione del seminario su \u201cL\u2019uninominale possibile\u201d che si \u00e8 svolto a Roma, a Palazzo Giustiniani, il […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-riforma-elettorale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10291"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10291\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}