{"id":45724,"date":"2017-07-02T15:02:18","date_gmt":"2017-07-02T14:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/?p=45724"},"modified":"2017-07-02T22:53:58","modified_gmt":"2017-07-02T21:53:58","slug":"why-has-italy-been-spared-mass-terror-attacks-in-recent-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/?p=45724","title":{"rendered":"WHY HAS ITALY BEEN SPARED MASS TERROR ATTACKS IN RECENT YEARS?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 class=\"byline\" data-link-name=\"byline\" data-component=\"meta-byline\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Uno dei motivi, probabilmente il principale, per cui l&#8217;Italia \u00e8 l&#8217;unico gerande Paese europeo a non essere stato colpito da attentati dei terroristi islamici va individuato nell&#8217;eccellenza delle tecniche di contrasto alla criminalit\u00e0 organizzata, sviluppate negli ultimi trent&#8217;anni dalla Digos nella lotta contro la mafia e contro il terrorismo politico<\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"byline\" data-link-name=\"byline\" data-component=\"meta-byline\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\nArticolo di <a class=\"tone-colour\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/profile\/stephanie-kirchgaessner\" rel=\"author\" data-link-name=\"auto tag link\">Stephanie Kirchgaessner<\/a> e <a class=\"tone-colour\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/profile\/lorenzo-tondo\" rel=\"author\" data-link-name=\"auto tag link\">Lorenzo Tondo<\/a> pubblicato da<\/em> The Guardian <em>il 24 giugno 2017 &#8211; In argomento v. anche l&#8217;editoriale telegrafico di un anno fa, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/?p=41392\" target=\"_blank\">Una nostra eccellenza preziosa<\/a><em>,<\/em> <em>nel quale osservavo quanto sia pi\u00f9 efficiente la Digos rispetto ai corpi di polizia preposti ai servizi antiterrorismo degli altri maggiori Parsi UE <\/em><!--more--><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Why has Italy been spared mass terror attacks in recent years? | World news | The Guardian<script 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src=\"https:\/\/apex.go.sonobi.com\/trinity.js?key_maker=%7B%22%2F59666047%2Ftheguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2Fng%7Cdfp-ad--inline2%22%3A%22300x250%22%7D&amp;cv=sbi_26af8e173457cbe&amp;cdf=j4cmabw55mj8dzi6f2gb&amp;ant=pt1%3D%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjun%2F23%2Fwhy-has-italy-been-spared-mass-terror-attacks-in-recent-years%2Cpt2%3Dint%2Cpt3%3Darticle%2Cpt4%3Dng%2Cpt5%3Duk%2Fuk%2Cpt5%3Dworld%2Cpt5%3Dmafia%2Cpt5%3Dlondon-bridge-attack%2Cpt5%3Deurope-news%2Cpt5%3Ditaly%2Cpt5%3Disis%2Cpt6%3D4%2Cpt6%3D5%2Cpt7%3Dwide%2Cpt8%3Dundefined%2Cpt9%3D%7Cj4cmabw55mj8dzi6f2gb%7Cstephanie-kirchgaessner%2Clorenzo-tondo%7Cnews%2Cfeatures%7C&amp;vp=desktop&amp;s=25a923cf9cd2382\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/apex.go.sonobi.com\/trinity.js?key_maker=%7B%22%2F59666047%2Ftheguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2Fng%7Cdfp-ad--mostpop%22%3A%22300x250%22%7D&amp;cv=sbi_307ec54d8908f9&amp;cdf=j4cmabw55mj8dzi6f2gb&amp;ant=pt1%3D%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjun%2F23%2Fwhy-has-italy-been-spared-mass-terror-attacks-in-recent-years%2Cpt2%3Dint%2Cpt3%3Darticle%2Cpt4%3Dng%2Cpt5%3Duk%2Fuk%2Cpt5%3Dworld%2Cpt5%3Dmafia%2Cpt5%3Dlondon-bridge-attack%2Cpt5%3Deurope-news%2Cpt5%3Ditaly%2Cpt5%3Disis%2Cpt6%3D4%2Cpt6%3D5%2Cpt7%3Dwide%2Cpt8%3Dundefined%2Cpt9%3D%7Cj4cmabw55mj8dzi6f2gb%7Cstephanie-kirchgaessner%2Clorenzo-tondo%7Cnews%2Cfeatures%7C&amp;vp=desktop&amp;s=299c0dddab58875\"><\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"l-side-margins\">\n<article id=\"article\" class=\"content content--article has-feature-showcase-element section-world-news tonal tonal--tone-feature\" data-test-id=\"article-root\">\n<div class=\"content__main tonal__main tonal__main--tone-feature\">\n<div class=\"gs-container\">\n<div class=\"content__main-column content__main-column--article js-content-main-column \">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\" data-test-id=\"article-review-body\">\n<p><span class=\"drop-cap\"><span class=\"drop-cap__inner\">E<\/span><\/span>ach time Youssef Zaghba landed in Bologna, there was someone waiting for him as he got off the plane. It was no secret in Italy that the 22-year-old Moroccan-born Italian, identified as one of three terrorists behind the <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk-news\/2017\/jun\/14\/inquest-reveals-final-moments-of-three-london-bridge-victims\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">London Bridge attack<\/a>, was under close surveillance.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey would talk to him at the airport. Then, during his stay, police officers would come a couple of times a day to check on him,\u201d his mother, Valeria Collina, said in an interview with the Guardian. \u201cThey were friendly to Youssef. They would say: \u2018Hey son, tell me what you have been doing. What are you doing? How are you?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the weeks since the attack, Zaghba\u2019s role has shone a light on the differences between how terror suspects are handled in <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/italy\" data-link-name=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\">Italy<\/a> and the UK. Upon his arrival in London, Zaghba\u2019s mother said, he was never once stopped at the airport or interrogated, even though Italian officials had warned British counterparts that he was a threat.<\/p>\n<p>Franco Gabrielli, Italy\u2019s chief of police, has said of Italy\u2019s efforts to alert the UK: \u201cOur conscience is clear.\u201d Scotland Yard, in turn, has said Zaghba \u201cwas not a police or <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/uk\/mi5\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">MI5<\/a> subject of interest\u201d.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-rich-link element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-2 | 1\" data-component=\"rich-link\">\n<div class=\"rich-link tone-news--item \">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__image-container u-responsive-ratio\">\n<div style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/55126c440ce90ebb7c216d04ea1b9cd610808319\/0_127_642_385\/master\/642.jpg?w=460&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=f599a260c5b7c8041494ed5e4948c3fe\" alt=\"\" width=\"415\" height=\"249\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Youssef Zaghba, il killer italo-marocchino che ha compiuto ultimamente un attentato a Londra<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__header\">\n<h4 class=\"rich-link__title\"><a class=\"rich-link__link\">Italian officials alerted UK about Youssef Zaghba, says prosecutor<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__standfirst u-cf\">Bologna prosecutor says he saw report sent to London about terrorist and that in Italy \u2018we never let him out of our sight\u2019.<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__read-more\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__arrow\">\nItaly has suffered from its share of political violence in recent decades, including the murder of two prominent anti-mafia judges in the 1990s. But unlike almost all of its big European neighbours, it has not witnessed a major terrorist attack since the 1980s.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Is Italy just lucky? Have the country\u2019s counter-terrorism policies \u2013 born out of years of anti-mafia policing and intelligence work and a decade of bloody political violence in the 1970s \u2013 given Italian officials an edge in the age of Isis? Or are there other factors at play?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe main difference is Italy doesn\u2019t have a big population of second-generation immigrants that have been radicalised or could potentially be radicalised,\u201d said Francesca Galli, an assistant professor at Maastricht University and an expert in counter-terrorism policies.<\/p>\n<p>It took about 20 people to watch a terror suspect full-time, Galli said. Naturally, the abundance of resources required to closely monitor anyone becomes more challenging if there are more suspects to watch.<\/p>\n<p>Two recent incidents \u2013 the case of Zaghba, and another, non-fatal terror incident in Milan in which a soldier and police officer were stabbed by an Italian whose father was north African \u2013 point to a potential shift in the threat profile in Italy. But Galli said that generally speaking Italian police and counter-terrorism forces did not have to deal with a huge number of people who were potentially at risk of radicalisation, unlike France, Belgium and the UK.<\/p>\n<p>That is not to say that Italy has escaped terrorist activity. Anis Amri, the Tunisian who attacked a Berlin Christmas market last year and <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/dec\/23\/anis-amri-berlin-attack-suspect-shot-dead-milan\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">was shot by police in the outskirts of Milan<\/a>, was believed to have been radicalised in a prison in Sicily. <a class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jul\/15\/bastille-day-truck-driver-was-known-to-police-reports-say\" data-link-name=\"in body link\">Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel<\/a>, the Tunisian behind the deadly attack in Nice last year, was identified by Italian police as having spent time in the border town of Ventimiglia.<\/p>\n<p>Some experts say Italy has been able to combat the threat of Isis domestically by mastering legal and policing tools developed through years of experience in mafia investigations, which in turn were born out of the so-called \u201cyears of lead\u201d \u2013 the period between the late 1960s and early 1980s marked by acts of political terrorism by left- and rightwing militants.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"element element-rich-link element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded\" data-link-name=\"rich-link-2 | 2\" data-component=\"rich-link\">\n<div class=\"rich-link tone-feature--item \">\n<div class=\"rich-link__container\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__image-container u-responsive-ratio\">\n<div style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/10729901e0188624eaabab5a9e94d85b1db7810b\/0_39_3072_1843\/master\/3072.jpg?w=460&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=7ae9b61fc1150f3a9e0ddf2056b5e562\" alt=\"\" width=\"415\" height=\"249\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Il sindaco di Palermo Leoluca Orlando<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__header\">\n<h4 class=\"rich-link__title\"><a class=\"rich-link__link\">He fought the mafia and won. Now this mayor is taking on Europe over migrants<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__standfirst u-cf\">Leoluca Orlando is a legend in Italy for taking on Palermo\u2019s mafiosi, but today he\u2019s fighting for migrants to freely enter EU states<\/div>\n<div class=\"rich-link__read-more\">\n<div class=\"rich-link__arrow\">\u00a0According to figures released by the Italian interior ministry, counter-terrorism authorities stopped and questioned 160,593 people between March 2016 to March 2017. They stopped and interrogated about 34,000 at airports and arrested about 550 suspected terrorists, and 38 have been sentenced on terrorism charges. More than 500 websites have been shut down and nearly half a million have been monitored.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Giampiero Massolo, who served as the director of Italian intelligence from 2012 to 2016, said there was not a particular \u201cItalian way\u201d to combat terrorism.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe learned a very harsh lesson during our terrorism years,\u201d he said. \u201cFrom that we drew the experience of how important it is to maintain a constant dialogue at the operating level between intelligence and law enforcement forces. In fact, prevention is key to try to be effective in counter-terrorism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He added: \u201cAnother feature is to have a good control of the territory. From this point of view, the absence of [French] banlieues-like spots in Italian major cities, and \u2026[the predominance] of small and medium towns makes it easier to monitor the situation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There are also more specific practices. Arturo Varvelli, a senior research fellow and terrorism expert at the thinktank Ispi, said the lack of second- and third-generation Italians who might be susceptible to Isis propaganda meant authorities instead focused on non-citizens, who could be deported at the first signs of concern. Since January, 135 individuals had been expelled, he said.<\/p>\n<p>Italian authorities also rely on intercepted phone calls, which unlike the UK can be used in evidence in court and \u2013 in cases related to mafia and terrorism \u2013 can be obtained on the basis of suspicious activity and not solid evidence.Much like the fight against Italian organised crime \u2013 the Camorra around Naples, the Cosa Nostra in Sicily, and the \u2019Ndr\u00e0ngheta in Calabria \u2013 infiltrating and disrupting terror networks requires breaking close social and even family relationships.<\/p>\n<p>People suspected of being jihadis are encouraged to break ranks and cooperate with Italian authorities, who use residency permits and other incentives, Galli said. There has been a recognition, too, of the dangers of keeping terror suspects in jail where, much like mafia bosses before them, prison is seen as a prime territory for recruiting and networking.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think we have developed experience in how to deal with a criminal network. We have lots of undercover agents who do a great job of intercepting communication,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>While Italian authorities are seen as having broad powers, police do not have special powers to detain terror suspects without charge. Terror suspects may be held for up to four days without charge, just like any other suspect. However, Italy has been criticised by the European Court of human rights for holding defendants too long once they have been charged and are awaiting trial.<\/p>\n<p>Galli said there was no groundswell of concern about whether Italy\u2019s tactics violated civil liberties. The broad use of surveillance \u2013 including intercepted communication \u2013 is seen as sufficiently targeted to terror and mafia suspects, unlike public criticism in Italy of sweeping data collection methods used in the US and UK.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uno dei motivi, probabilmente il principale, per cui l&#8217;Italia \u00e8 l&#8217;unico gerande Paese europeo a non essere stato colpito da attentati dei terroristi islamici va individuato nell&#8217;eccellenza delle tecniche di contrasto alla criminalit\u00e0 organizzata, sviluppate negli ultimi trent&#8217;anni dalla Digos nella lotta contro la mafia e contro il terrorismo politico . Articolo di Stephanie Kirchgaessner [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-giustizia","category-25-temi-diversi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45724"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45724\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pietroichino.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}